All models are equipped with a one-piece seal that fits into a housing attached to the transaxle end of the block. The crankshaft must be installed first, followed by bolting the crankshaft seal bearing caps in place, after which the new seal should be installed in the retainer and the retainer bolted to the block. It is essential to check the seal contact surface for scratches and nicks that could damage the new seal lip and cause oil leaks; if the crankshaft is damaged, a new or different crankshaft is necessary. The old seal can be removed from the retainer using a hammer and punch by driving it out from the back side, noting how far it is recessed into the retainer bore, as the new seal must be recessed the same amount. Care must be taken not to scratch or damage the bore in the retainer to prevent oil leaks. Ensure the retainer is clean, then apply a thin coat of engine oil to the outer edge of the new seal, pressing it squarely into the retainer bore; hammering it into place is not recommended. If a press is unavailable, sandwich the retainer and seal between two smooth pieces of wood and use a large vise to press the seal into place, ensuring the wood is thick enough to distribute the force evenly around the seal's circumference. The seal lips should be lubricated with clean engine oil or multi-purpose grease before the seal/retainer is slipped over the crankshaft and bolted to the block, with RTV sealant applied to the retainer housing to block surface and dowel pins in place before installation. Finally, tighten the screws gradually until the specified torque is reached.