Broken valve springs and defective valve stem seals can be replaced without removing the cylinder heads, typically requiring two special tools and a compressed air source. To begin, remove the intake manifold collector and the valve cover(s), followed by the timing chain and the camshafts and lifters from both cylinder heads. Next, remove the spark plugs and turn the crankshaft until the piston in the affected cylinder is at Top Dead Center. If replacing all valve stem seals, start with cylinder number one and work through the firing order, turning the crankshaft 120 degrees to bring the next cylinder to TDC. Thread a long adapter into the spark plug hole and connect an air hose from a compressed air source, ensuring the use of a long spark plug adapter with a hose attached. Apply compressed air to the cylinder, then stuff shop rags into the cylinder head holes around the valves to prevent parts and tools from falling into the engine. Use a valve spring compressor to compress the spring and remove the valve stem locks. The valves should be held in place by air pressure; if they cannot hold air, the cylinder head should be removed for a valve job. Remove the spring retainer and valve spring, then the valve stem seal. Wrap a rubber band or tape around the top of the valve stem to prevent it from falling into the combustion chamber, then release the air pressure. Inspect the valve stem for damage, ensuring it rotates freely in the guide without binding. Reapply air pressure to retain the valve in the closed position, then remove the tape or rubber band. Lubricate the valve stems with engine oil and install the new valve stem seals, using a special tool or a deep socket and hammer to seat them. Install the valve spring over the valve with the more closely-wound coils and paint mark toward the cylinder head, followed by the valve spring retainer. Compress the valve springs and carefully position the valve stem locks in the groove, applying a small dab of grease to hold them in place. Remove the force from the spring tool and ensure the valve stem locks are seated, then disconnect the air hose and remove the adapter from the spark plug hole. After replacing all seals, position the crankshaft at TDC, then install the camshafts and lifters, followed by the timing chain. Finally, install the valve covers, spark plugs, ignition coils, and the intake manifold collector, then start the engine and check for oil leaks and unusual sounds from the valve cover area.